1,116 research outputs found
New Industries in Southeast Asiaβs Late Industrialization: Evolution versus Creation - The Automation Industry in Penang (Malaysia) considered
Discourse on industry development and policy practice in late industrialization countries in East and Southeast Asia has predominantly tended to relate the emergence of new industries to βcreationβ by the state and thereby to the role of state intervention or involvement in industrial growth and restructuring. On the other hand the role and position of (local) entrepreneurship in the genesis of new industries has been rather neglected, as little room was perceived for βautonomousβ development. Southeast Asian late industrialization is currently being confronted with the limits of development and expansion of specific (FDI-driven) export industries and thus with the necessity to devise new growth paths in industry (on the basis of high tech industries). This compels a reconsideration of policy practice and perceptions of modes of industry development on which it is based. In this paper we argue that a state-orchestrated βcreationβ of priority industries is not the only possible route to new high tech industries in Southeast Asian late industrialization. This emanates from an analysis - based on field research - of the emergence and development of a recent growth industry in Malaysia, i.e. the manufacturing of automated equipment (or, automation industry) and its constituent firms in the Penang region. The analysis demonstrates that the mode of development of this industry conforms rather well to a number of notions from evolutionary economics on firm genesis and development in new industries. This suggests that successful industrial policies can be based on supporting an evolutionary βbirth and developmentβ path, i.e. industry genesis and evolution as a more or less autonomous incremental process of the development of firms and their capabilities.industrial policy, late industrialization, automation industry, Malaysia, co-evolution, spin-out, diversification
Industrial restructuring and early industry pathways in the Asian 1st generation NICs: The Singapore garment industry
This article aims to contribute to an understanding of the industrial dynamics/evolution of mature export production complexes in the first generation Asian NICs, employing an evolutionary economic perspective. Over the past decade and longer the first generation Asian NICs, Singapore included, have been confronted with imperatives necessitating deep restructuring. We observe that industrial decline, associated with failed restructuring caused by lock-in, does not fit these countries, its industrial regions and early industries. Yet research has hardly begun to look at adjustment and address deeper evolution from tenets in the framework of evolutionary economics although such an approach is made not less but rather more relevant by continued resilience. We analyse the pathway(s) of one early industry, i.c. the apparel industry, in Singapore, through the 1980s and 1990s. The withering away in the Singapore context of an industry such as apparel is not inevitable. From a juxtaposition of the line of thinking in evolutionary economics emphasizing hindrance and decline due to path dependency and lock-ins with an alternative line emphasizing the possibility to adjust through renewal and the limited operation of lock-ins, we argue why the latter rather than the former has been the case.evolutionary economics, industrial restruction, Asia, NICs
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΡΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π² ΠΊΡΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π‘. Π. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½, Π. Π. ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²-ΠΠΈΠ½Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠ³, Π. Π. Π₯Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π.Π¨ Π₯ΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Bently M., Varon E., Ervin-Tripp S.M., Slobodin ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΡΠ΄ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ² Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ.Π£ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠ½Π³Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊ Π‘. Π. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ½, Π. Π. ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²-ΠΡΠ½Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠ³, Π. Π. Π₯Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π.Π¨ Π₯ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ², Bently M., Varon E., Ervin-Tripp S.M., Slobodin ΡΠ° ΡΠ½Ρ. ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²ΡΡΠ²Ρ Π½Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π²'ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ²ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
, Π·ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ.In clause (article) are considered sound symbolic words, the points of view of various linguists, such as by Voronin S.V., Gazov-Ginzberg Π.Π., Haritonov L.N., Husainov K.Sh., Bently M., Varon E., Ervin-Tripp S.M., Slobodin, etc. on questions of an origin and existence of sound symbolizm. Sound symbolizm in linguistics is a relation between meaned and meaning, mean and a shape. Being consider onomatopoeic words, their functions in different languages, we did the conclusion that in modern crimeantatar language some onomatopoeic words are doing sound symbolic function
Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠ² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ
ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ», ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎ Π±Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ· Π½Π°ΠΉΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ, Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π²'ΡΠ·ΠΊΡΠ², ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ», ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΊ ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΌΡΠ³ Π±ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠ² Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ
- β¦